Pressure sensor is a sensor that converts pressure signal into electrical signal and is widely used in industry, medical treatment, scientific research and other fields. This article will introduce the common types of pressure sensors, working principles, performance characteristics and application fields in detail.
1. Classification of pressure sensors
Pressure sensors can be divided into the following types according to the measurement principle:
1.1 Resistive pressure sensor
Resistive pressure sensor measures pressure by the principle that resistance value changes under pressure. Common resistive pressure sensors include strain gauge pressure sensor, piezoresistive pressure sensor, etc.
1.2 Capacitive pressure sensor
Capacitive pressure sensor measures pressure by the principle that capacitance value changes under pressure. Capacitive pressure sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, strong anti-interference ability, etc.
1.3 Piezoelectric pressure sensor
Piezoelectric pressure sensor measures pressure by the principle that piezoelectric material generates charge under pressure. Piezoelectric pressure sensor has the advantages of fast response speed, high sensitivity, wide measurement range, etc.
1.4 Fiber optic pressure sensor
Fiber optic pressure sensor measures pressure by the principle that optical fiber generates light signal changes under pressure. Fiber optic pressure sensor has the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, high measurement accuracy, and long transmission distance, etc.
1.5 Magnetoelectric pressure sensor
Magnetoelectric pressure sensor measures pressure by using the principle that magnetic field changes under pressure. Magnetoelectric pressure sensor has the advantages of simple structure, wide measurement range and strong anti-interference ability.
2. Working principle of pressure sensor
2.1 Working principle of resistive pressure sensor
The working principle of resistive pressure sensor is to measure pressure by using the principle that resistance value changes under pressure. When pressure acts on the sensitive element of the sensor, the deformation of the sensitive element will cause the resistance value to change, and the pressure value is calculated by measuring the change in resistance value.
2.2 Working principle of capacitive pressure sensor
The working principle of capacitive pressure sensor is to measure pressure by using the principle that capacitance value changes under pressure. When pressure acts on the sensitive element of the sensor, the deformation of the sensitive element will cause the capacitance value to change, and the pressure value is calculated by measuring the change in capacitance value.
2.3 Working principle of piezoelectric pressure sensor
The working principle of piezoelectric pressure sensor is to measure pressure by using the principle that piezoelectric material generates charge under pressure. When pressure acts on the piezoelectric element of the sensor, the piezoelectric element generates charge, and the pressure value is calculated by measuring the size of the charge.
2.4 Working principle of optical fiber pressure sensor
The working principle of optical fiber pressure sensor is to measure pressure by using the principle that optical fiber generates light signal changes under pressure. When pressure acts on the optical fiber of the sensor, the deformation of the optical fiber will cause the optical signal to change, and the pressure value is calculated by measuring the change in the optical signal.
2.5 Working principle of magnetoelectric pressure sensor
The working principle of magnetoelectric pressure sensor is to measure pressure by using the principle that the magnetic field changes under pressure. When pressure acts on the magnetoelectric element of the sensor, the deformation of the magnetoelectric element will cause the magnetic field to change, and the pressure value is calculated by measuring the change in the magnetic field.
3.Performance characteristics of pressure sensors
3.1Performance characteristics of resistive pressure sensors
Resistive pressure sensors have the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and wide measurement range, but have the disadvantages of low sensitivity and large temperature drift.
3.2Performance characteristics of capacitive pressure sensors
Capacitive pressure sensors have the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, and strong anti-interference ability, but have the disadvantages of high cost and large temperature drift.
3.3Performance characteristics of piezoelectric pressure sensors
Piezoelectric pressure sensors have the advantages of fast response speed, high sensitivity, and wide measurement range, but have the disadvantages of being easily affected by temperature and poor stability.
3.4Performance characteristics of optical fiber pressure sensors
Optical fiber pressure sensors have the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, high measurement accuracy, and long transmission distance, but have the disadvantages of high cost and complex installation.
3.5Performance characteristics of magnetoelectric pressure sensors
Magnetoelectric pressure sensors have the advantages of simple structure, wide measurement range, and strong anti-interference ability, but have the disadvantages of low sensitivity and large temperature drift.
4. Application fields of pressure sensors
4.1 Industrial field
Pressure sensors are widely used in industrial fields, such as chemical, petroleum, electric power, metallurgy and other industries, for monitoring and controlling parameters such as pressure, flow, and liquid level.
4.2 Medical field
Pressure sensors are also widely used in the medical field, such as blood pressure monitoring, ventilators, anesthesia machines and other equipment, for monitoring and controlling human physiological parameters.
4.3 Scientific research field
Pressure sensors also play an important role in scientific research fields, such as aerospace, geophysics, marine science and other fields, for measuring and studying various physical quantities.
4.4 Environmental monitoring field
Pressure sensors are also used in environmental monitoring fields, such as meteorological monitoring, hydrological monitoring, etc., for monitoring and analyzing environmental parameters.
5. Conclusion
As an important member of the sensor family, pressure sensors have a wide range of applications and play an important role. With the development of science and technology and the increase in application needs, the types, performance and application fields of pressure sensors will continue to expand and deepen.
